In addition to the water reservoirs used for storage, the rest of the system works in a loop helping to keep energy supply and demand in balance. Here is how each component works:
During periods of surplus electricity on the grid, such as during low-demand times or when renewable sources are producing excess power, large electric pumps transfer water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. This process converts surplus electrical energy into gravitational potential energy by storing water at a higher elevation.
Water is released from the upper reservoir and flows back down to the lower reservoir. As it descends, the water passes through turbines, causing them to spin and drive generators that produce electricity.
Penstocks are large, high-pressure pipes that channel water from the upper reservoir to the turbines. These pipes are partially buried in the ground to protect them from environmental factors and physical damage, as well as to minimise their visual impact.
Advanced control systems manage the entire operation of the plant. They oversee the pumping and generating processes, regulate water flow, and coordinate with the electricity grid to optimise performance and maintain stability.
Underground cables connect the generators to the power grid. These cables are essential for transferring the electricity generated by the plant to the grid, where it can be distributed to homes and businesses.
Co-Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or CINEA. Neither the European Union nor CINEA can be held responsible for them.
Updated: October 2024
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